Layer 7: Application Layer
Defines interface to user processes for communication and data transfer in network
Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
Masks the differences of data formats between dissimilar systems
Specifies architecture-independent data transfer format
Encodes and decodes data; Encrypts and decrypts data; Compresses and decompresses data
Layer 5: Session Layer
Manages user sessions and dialogues
Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users
Reports upper layer errors
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Manages end-to-end message delivery in network
Provides reliable and sequential packet delivery through error recovery and flow control mechanisms
Provides connectionless oriented packet delivery
Layer 3: Network Layer
Determines how data are transferred between network devices
Routes packets according to unique network device addresses
Provides flow and congestion control to prevent network resource depletion
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Defines procedures for operating the communication links
Frames packets
Detects and corrects packets transmit errors
Layer 1: Physical Layer
Defines physical means of sending data over network devices
Interfaces between network medium and devices
Defines optical, electrical and mechanical characteristics
Application - Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network.
Transport - Provides communication session management between host computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data.
Internet - Packages data into IP datagrams, which contain source and destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across networks. Performs routing of IP datagrams.
Network interface - Specifies details of how data is physically sent through the network, including how bits are electrically signaled by hardware devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, or twisted-pair copper wire.
Tags: Application, Data Link, Form, Model, Network, OSI, OSI Model, Packet, Physical, Presentaion, Session, TCP/IP, TCP/IP Model, Transport
The story is told about a husband who, when he got home, not only embraced his wife, but also lifted her up in his arms. When asked by his surprised wife why did that, he said “the priest told us at a mass today to embraced out cross and lift up out cross to the Lord.”
A lot of them would claim that we have taken the road of love in this world. However, the question is how for would we go on this road. Many of them usually go at minimum speed, or stop when we hit rough roads. Many of them happily welcome detours and take the rest stops whenever we can. The Lord reminds us today to look at the quantity and quality of our loving.
It is not just a question of loving enough, it is also a question of loving truly. Here we fail more because often we love with a lot of conditions and with a lot of selfish agenda. Often we love with so much pride and with a lot of anger. We all need to learn more about true and sustained loving.
Tags: Agner, embraced, Heart, Loving, Pride, Sustained Loving
I’ve just arrived into our house from the birthday party of my girlfriend nephew. The birthday celebrant named Jimms Raleigh Rendon the boy just turn 3 years old today. The party started already at 7:00 o clock I think and when I enter to the kitchen where the foods has been displayed my hunger attack my stomach. The foods that was served was so delicious and also the desserts. Many people attend the birthday party. Well, of course before we ate my girlfriend lead the prayer and after praying it is eating time! I try all the foods that has been displayed and I love them all. Again my stomach got full and I can’t move easily coz I feel that my stomach is so heavy right now. Go to go! Again happy birthday to Jimms Raleigh Rendon I hope God will guide you always and more birthdays to come. Be a good boy!
Tags: Birthday, Birthday Party, Delicious, Desserts, Foods, Jimms Raleigh Rendon, Party
Nobody goes through life unscathed - we get wounded, bruised. If not totally battered. Knocked out.
Yeah, as we live, we encounter hardships. Some, we bring upon ourselves as a consequence of our bad decision or neglect. Some God allows to happen to us for a purpose. Some try to escape tackle their problems squarely and eventually overcome their difficulties. But others get stuck and depressed. Suicidal even, unable to accept their pain.
Some try to escape their problems through destructive habits and addictions. They are unable to find God’s comfort in their trials. When life becomes too dark. They easily forget the lesson they learned in the light. They loss hope because they are focused on their problems.
But as I say, when you have problems, don’t fell God how big your problems are. Instead, tell your problem how big your God is! Other people stay too long in their trials, why? Because they have not learned the lessons that their problems, are trying to teach them.
When you suffer, think: Is God trying to inspect to see what stuff I am made of? When you squeeze a lemon, you get lemonade. When you squeeze a Christian, what do you get? O hp[e when trials squeeze you, you’ll come out a better Christian.
Tags: Christian, Difficult, God, Hope, Life, Personal, Problems
To all people out there who made viruses to destroy the computer of others, you know what you are so annoying, stupid, crazy and what so ever. I know some of the people why they made virus to promote their anti-virus or anti-spyware software’s then sell to the people and some are just for fun or they are happy if they see that the virus they maid will coz chaos. That is unfair coz how about the people who do not know how to remove those viruses they need to buy the software’s and that will incurred other expenses.
I feel pity to the people who don’t have any idea how to remove the viruses that will infect to their computer or let us say to the people who do usually use it for internet research, typing job and more to earn money. Don’t you think? If their computer will be infected by virus and they don’t know how to remove it how do they can earn money? What if you the person who like them don’t have any idea on how to remove those viruses?
I hope to the person who made virus that can read this post will realize on how they are evil coz they are only thinking for their own good. They are so selfish and unfair for those people who don’t have more knowledge on computer.
Tags: Made Virus, People, Personal, Virus
Last October 28, 2008 is my birthday and on that day I turn 19 years old. This is the last year of being teen and I must experience all the things before I will turn to 20. I throw party on that day and I am happy because there are so many visitors who attended my birthday party and those are my friends, classmates, high-school classmates, my teacher Mr. Exander Barrios and my girlfriend family. Also I would like to say big thanks for my family for helping me get my party successful. I hope all of my visitors got full and happy to my on that day. Now many of my friends asking for the pictures and I already uploaded it. Just click here to download the pictures.
Before I go I would like to say hi to the people who got drunk and vomit to the outside of our house. acheche! Peace! Again thanks to the people who attend my birthday party.
Recently, it has been reported that a fake Wordpress has released for some obvious reasons. The aim of the fake Wordpress is to copy with the original code and place some trojan of some of the core components to run the said blogging platform.
Actually, the fake Wordpress was previously posted at Wordpresz.org and they renamed its version to Wordpress 2.6.4 wherein the orginal Wordpress didn’t even release similar to what they’re releasing. The said hacked Wordpress contains a certain PHP file (pluggable.php) which hijacks the cookies stored and it connects to wordpresz.org/tuk.php that usually receives the hacked information.
Whew, pretty alarming. So guys if you don’t mind, just download Wordpress from Wordpress.org, since they’re the official publisher of the said blogging software.
Tags: Bogus, Fake, False, Forged, Replica, Sham, Wordpress, Wordpress 2.6.4
Everybody thinks that I aint got no problems. FYI, I badly have. I can make the whole class laugh, I can make u smile even those paper works are getting on your nerves But sometimes behind those silly things that’s very much easy for me to do, I have a very huge crisis. If I can make the whole world smile? How come it’s very much hard for me to make myself smile till I aint got no air to breathe? If only I made everyone to see me in a different way, Maybe those smiles can be replaced by crazy lil’ tears from my lonely heart!!
Today is the start of our class and my class will start at exactly 9 am. Early in the morning I woke up quickly when my auntie told me that what time my class start and I reply 9 am then she told me that I am wrong because it is Tuesday today and my class will start at 7:30 am I have awaken quickly and my sleepy face was gone because I was shock when I heard that my class will start at 7:30 am, but fortunately it was just an false alarm “Thank God” because I don’t want to be late in the first day of my class. My aunt is the one who are wrong because she forget my class schedules she thought that my Tuesday class will start 7:30 am. Whew!
My morning was a very shocking moment. Go to go now because it is already time for our basketball play.
What things in this world could you think of that is getting younger every year? A teenager says a three years from now and moved not be a teenager again. Instead, thinking of marriage and parenthood. Try to think of our elementary fears, which seems to happened just yesterday. Timed showed so fast. So fast that I could hardly accept the fact of “getting old” for not compares the delight of being young.
It is sad to think about it but its reality. You can’t freeze time and say sweet six teen forever. From thirteen to nineteen we have seven years living the glory of adolescent, we have seen years enjoying the spirit of prime youth. Seven years of continuing childlike a attitudes. Seven years spending it of continuing child like discoveries, especially the magical world of love, relationships and friendship. Sever years of undisturbed be dreams for the future. Yes, seven years, only seven years. Aren’t we somewhat feeling by the lapse of years life has offered us to enjoy our teenage years? Seven years may sound long but for us, teenagers, it is a nick of time.
Everything in this world is temporary. The dislike of being a teen will eventually change. Teenagers are well fashioned people. what is in and what is hot is our expertise. But when we turn to middle twenties, friends, fashioned, statement, rock and Rnb music, even compute games will not be anymore a big deal for us, we could still enjoy nightlife but the flare of curiosity and enthusiasm as young people will fade. What really makes us unique and different from other generation in the curiosity withing us.
Teenager fears are so much of experimental years. The time of so many dilemmas the time of so many choices. What’s perilous is that some youth are walking the wrong path of growing years. This is one fearsome experience one could have remembered 13 to 19 yrs old is the developing years of maturity. If one matures with the evil phase of life, how can he enjoy the glory of “seven years.” Some of us are wasting which lead to easily marriages, wanted pregnancies and worst, abortion, we can’t deny the fact that the youth are sharing the biggest percentage of these undesirable trips.
Some how sometimes we had chosen the wrong ones, but it’s not too late to change. Every mistake is an experience to be corrected. It prepares us to higher step of life. The tension from all these mistakes, problems, pain and wrong choices is a part of the whole piece and usually directs our attention to a growing edge of life a territory of expansion.
We are not getting any younger you and I will not be a teenager anymore. Imagine yourself as a lola or lolo. What would you went to be remembered for all the things you have done while you’re sill young? What and how would you tell your own life story to your grand children? When will it be that you’ll say “I’ve made it!” and conclude “I was a somebody in my teenager years”.
